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Serengeti Park

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Serengeti National Park
IUCN Category II ( National Park )
Serengeti Park
Place the Serengeti National Park
Place	Tanzania
Location	14,763 km ²
Establishment	1951 Kuanzishwa: 1951

Map of Northern Tanzania and the Serengeti

Zebra and wildebeest during the migration

The Serengeti sunset

Park Serengeti is vast savannas and forests in northern Tanzania, especially in regions of Mara and Arusha ikipakana and Kenya . Its area is 14,763 km ² and geographic inapoitwa continues into Kenya 's Masai Mara Reserve .
There are a number of wild animals vault. Serengeti and Masai Mara is known especially for the annual transfer of more than one million wildebeest are crossing the river Mara. There are also many other animals distinguish between their "big five" who pull tourists especially the elephant , lion , leopard , hyena , rhino and buffalo .
Area stocks Ngorongoro was once a part of the Serengeti to isolation as a special reserve. Olduvai Basin , where remnants of very old men were found lies in the Serengeti.
Environment of Serengeti is a geographical region located in north-western Tanzania and extends to south-western Kenya between latitudes 1 and 3 South and East longitudes 34 and 36. It has escalated the level of 30,000 square kilometers ^2.
Serengeti has the move / migration of animals on earth, the world's largest and longest, ^[1] who kills a half year's event. Immigration is one of the ten natural wonders of the world of travel .
This region contains national parks and game reserves number . Serengeti is derived from the language of the Maasai, Maa, especially, "Serengit" meaning "Endless Plains". ^[2]^[3]
Approximately mammals and some 70 major species 500 avifauna (ie bird ) are found there. The difference on this side of the species are residential activities ranging from riverine forests, swamps, kopjes, grasslands and forests. ^[4], blue wildebeest , impala , zebra and buffalo are some of the large mammals that usually found in this region.
Around October, nearly herbivores (ie, animals that eat grass instead of meat) 2 million travel from the mountains toward the plains of north-south crossing of the Mara River in pursuit of the rain. In April, they returned north through the west, and again crossing the Mara River. This is sometimes called "Circular migration" ie circular migration. More than 250,000 wildebeest alone will die along the journey from Tanzania to the animal park of Masai Mara in Kenya around the top, which is a total of 500 miles. Death is often caused by injury or fatigue. ^[1] Immigration has been shown in films and television programs around the world.

[ edit ] History

Maasai boy (Moran or warrior) walks into the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Highlands as a backdrop.

On the great Serengeti was previously known as Maasailand for visitors. Maasai were known as a fierce warrior, and lived with wild animals as they live only to eat their livestock. Their strength and reputation in Europe led to travelers from exploiting animals and the resources of their country negatively. The tragedy of "rinderpest" during the 1890 drought resulted in a decrease in the number of Maasai and wildlife. Illegal hunting of wild animals and lack of fire, which was the result of human activity, set the stage for the development of forests and bushes for the next 30-50 years. increasing the fly now led to no human settlement in this area. Fire, elephants, and wildebeest were influential in determining the current structure of the Serengeti. ^[5] When you in the 1960s, the number of human ilivyoongezeka, hot, either irritability by design by the Maasai to increase area of pasture, or accidentally, scorched new tree seedlings. Heavy rainfall contributed to the growth of grass, which served as fuel for fires during dry seasons following. Old trees of Acacia, which live only 60-70 years old, began to die. Initially elephants, which eat young trees and old, had been blamed for forest finish. But experiments showed that there were other factors more important. Meanwhile, elephant populations were reduced from 2,460 in 1970 to 467 in 1986 to illegal hunting. ^[6] When you in the 1970s the number of wildebeest and buffalo in Africa had risen, and they reduce the number of leaves rapidly, then the resulting upuingufu of fuel available for fires. ^[7] reduced the severity of fires has allowed Acacia to be stable again. ^[5]

[ edit ] Ecology

Continent of Maasai is a national park animals better in East Africa. ^[8] The Government of Tanzania and Kenya maintain a number of areas yaliyochunwa: parks, conservation areas, game reserves, etc., which provide legal protection for more than 80% of Serengeti. ^[9]
Ol Doinyo Lengai , Mountain of fire if there be a still life in the Serengeti, is the only mountain of fire, which still produces "carbonatite lava". "Carbonatite lava", when they are exposed from the air, it changed color from blue to black and kufwanana and "washing soda". Thick layer of ash can turn into a rdpan iliotajirika and calcium hard as concrete after being rained upon. Tree roots can not penetrate this layer, and basically the Serengeti plains, without trees, which are west and down wind of Ol Doinyo Lengai, is the result. ^[10]

Outcroppings of rock, or "koppes", in the plains of Serengeti.

South-East Zone, which lies in the rain shadow of Ngorongoro highlands and is composed of short grass plains lenya without trees and "dicot" abundant small. Soils are fertile in abundance, being on a "no calcareous rdpan" short. "Gradient" of the length of the ground passing north-eastern lowlands causes changes in herbaceous communities and tall grass. Some 70 km west, Acacia woodlands appear suddenly and stretch west to Lake Victoria and north kelekea the Loita Plains, ^{[ citation needed ]} north of the park's animals of the Maasai Mara National . 16 different types of Acacia are in this forest, their distribution been determined and "edaphic" and length of the soil. Near Lake Victoria there is a flood plain yaliyitokana and "lakebeds" ancient. In the northwest, Acacia woodlands and forests have been changed to "Terminalia-Combretum" with broad leaves, was sought due to changes in geology. This area has the highest rainfall in the system and create a refuge for animals that move last summer. ^[11]
Altitudes in the Serengeti rises 920 to 1850 meters with average temperatures ranging from 15 degrees to 25 degrees "Celsius". Although the weather is usually warm and dry, rainfall occurs in two rainy seasons: March-May, and a short season in October and November. Rainfall varies from a minimum of 508 mm in the "lee" of the Ngorongoro highlands and the maximum of 1,200 mm on the coast of Lake Victoria. ^[12] The highlands, which are cooler than the plains covered with forests the "montane", mark the eastern border of the valley which lies Serengeti.
Open plains of the Serengeti has the highlands of "granite" known as "koppes". These outcroppings are the result of volcanic activity. "Koppies" provides limited accommodation for non-plains wildlife. "Koppe" one you have likely seen by visitors to the Serengeti is the Simba Koppe (Lion Koppe). Serengeti was used as a platform for inspiration for the film "Disney" The Lion King The subsequent discovery of the film forum.
The area is also home to the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, which has " Olduvai Gorge ", where some" hominid fossils "oldest available, as well as too" Ngorongoro Crater ", the largest volcanic Caldera in the world.